Nyob rau hauv lub distillation ntauwd, lub distillation seem yog nyob rau saum lub phaj noj thiab yog lub hauv paus cheeb tsam kom ua tau zoo sib cais. Covseem ntawm distillation ntauwdoptimizes cov txheej txheem sib cais ntawm cov sib tov los ntawm maj mam nce cov concentration ntawm volatile Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv lub nce roj theem. Kev tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntu no yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias thiab kev tswj cov dej ntws los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom siv lub teeb muaj kev nplua nuj nyob rau lub sijhawm nce siab kom ua tiav cov qauv purity xav tau.
Kev ntsuas kub thiab tswj
Kev tswj qhov kub ntawm qhov distillation seem ntawm distillation ntauwd feem ntau yog teem rau ntawm 79 degree . Qhov kub yog siv los xyuas kom meej qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem distillation. Los ntawm cua sov, evaporation, condensation thiab reflux, thawj-theem impurities raug tshem tawm, cov roj fusel raug rho tawm, thiab tus Tsov tus tw-theem impurities raug tshem tawm. Qhov no ua rau cov cawv tiav uas ua tau raws li cov qauv zoo. Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov nyhuv distillation, qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub tshuab distillation yuav tsum ruaj khov ntawm 79 degree, thiab qhov kub hauv qab yuav tsum tswj ntawm 105-107 degree . Thaum lub sijhawm ua dej cawv ib txwm ua haujlwm, qhov kub thiab txias hauv cov pej thuam yuav tsum tau khaws cia hauv thaj tsam ntawm 88-92 degree . Tsis tas li ntawd, cov dej kub ntawm thawj condenser yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm 60-65 degree, thaum qhov kub ntawm qhov thib ob condenser yuav tsum tswj ntawm 35-40 degree .
Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub distillation ntauwd yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej qhov kev vam meej ntawm cov txheej txheem distillation. Los ntawm kev tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau sab saum toj thiab hauv qab ntawm tus pej thuam, cov dej cawv concentration tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua thaum cov impurities raug tshem tawm kom ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom kawg. Cov yam ntxwv xws li pub ntim, pub muaj pes tsawg leeg, kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab kev hloov kho rau cov cua kub hauv chav tsev ntauwd yog kev txiav txim siab los xyuas kom meej qhov ruaj khov ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom zoo.
Rectifying seem thiab stripping seem ntawm distillation ntauwd
Kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm lub distillation ntauwd yog muab faib mus rau hauv ib tug rectification seem thiab ib tug stripping seem, nrog rau cov zaub mov raws li cov kev faib kab. Ntu kev kho yog nyob rau saum lub phaj pub, thiab nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kom mloog zoo rau cov teeb pom kev zoo. Nyob rau hauv seem no, lub teeb Cheebtsam maj mam nce mus rau sab saum toj ntawm lub pej thuam thiab condensed mus rau hauv lub sab saum toj cov khoom (los yog distillate) thiab reflux kua. Cov khoom lag luam sab saum toj raug muab tshem tawm raws li cov cawv tiav lawm, thaum cov kua reflux rov qab mus rau lub pej thuam los ntxiv cov khoom siv lub teeb ntawm lub tais kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab txuas ntxiv ntawm cov txheej txheem distillation.
Lub stripping seem yog nyob rau hauv qab lub phaj pub thiab feem ntau tuav cov khoom hnyav. Cov khoom hnyav yog maj mam txo qis hauv nqe lus no, ib feem ntawm cov khoom tawm raws li cov khoom tseem ceeb (lossis cov kua seem), thiab lwm qhov yog rhuab los ntawm reboiler thiab rov qab mus rau ntauwd, muab cov vapor ntws mus tas li los tswj cov kev ua haujlwm distillation.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov distillation seem tsis suav nrog lub phaj pub nws tus kheej. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom tsis sib haum xeeb los ntawm evaporation, kom cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv lub vapor nce maj mam nce. Vim muaj qhov muaj nyob ntawm cov phaj pub, cov khoom sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv kho kom raug thiab ntu ntu ntu yog sib txawv, yog li kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov distillation ntauwd feem ntau muab faib ua ob ntu.
Kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntu distillation
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm ntu distillation ntawm distillation ntauwd yog ua kom cov concentration ntawm volatilization Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv cov roj theem, thickening thiab nce lub Cheebtsam, yog li ua tiav cov kev sib cais ntawm cov sib tov.
Txhim kho qhov concentration ntawm cov khoom siv volatilization: Nyob rau hauv seem refined distillation, thaum cov roj theem dhau los ntawm txhua lub phaj ntauwd, cov concentration ntawm cov khoom tsis hloov pauv maj mam nce. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev faib ua feem ntau ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo hauv cov roj theem, uas tau ua rau nws mus txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm nce.
Ua kom muaj kev sib cais zoo: Cov ntu ntawm lub hlwb tuaj yeem cais cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog. Cov khoom tsis hloov pauv tau sau rau saum toj ntawm tus pej thuam, thaum cov ntsiab lus reorganization yog ntws mus rau ntu distillation rau kev kho mob.
Kev sib cais sib cais: Kev sib koom tes ntawm cov phev distillation seem thiab seem distillation yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem tshiab. Lub distillation seem yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev tuav cov volatilization yam nyob rau hauv lub downlore theem, thiab tsim ib tug zoo kev sib koom tes nrog rau ascending roj theem ntawm lub distilled seem kom paub meej tias cov sib tov yog kiag li sib cais.
Los ntawm kev txhim kho cov concentration ntawm volatile Cheebtsam, lub psychic seem paub qhov zoo sib cais ntawm cov sib tov, thiab los ntawm cov synergistic nyhuv ntawm cov distillation seem, nws guarantees cov nyhuv ntawm tag nrho cov distillation txheej txheem.
Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev tswj hwm, thaj chaw no ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom tsis sib haum xeeb thiab ua tiav cov txheej txheem sib cais zoo. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog txhim khu kev sib cais tag nrho tab sis kuj ua kom lub siab purity ntawm cov khoom kawg. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm thaj chaw distillation thiab qhov qis stripping cheeb tsam yog tus yuam sij rau kev ua kom lub cev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, thiab txhawb kev nce qib ntawm kev lag luam kev sib cais tshuab thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm daim ntawv thov cuam tshuam.
